What septic tank is better to put in the country - types of septic tanks for giving

All owners of cottages, cottages and country houses are well aware of the problem of wastewater disposal. If the house does not have a connection to the central sewer system, then an autonomous sewer device is needed. Previously, cesspools were equipped for this, which required regular cleaning, and in themselves they are not a reliable and safe design. Now it’s much easier to solve the problem of sewage in the country, because you can use septic tanks, but there are a lot of factors to consider when choosing them.

How does a septic tank work?

To know which septic tank is necessary for giving, you need to imagine principle of operation this device.

Septic tank is a special design for wastewater treatment. It consists of several cameras, each of which performs its function. According to the principle of wastewater treatment, septic tanks are divided into anaerobic and aerobic, but there are also accumulative ones.

Drains on sewer pipes come to the first chamber of the septic tank, where primary cleaning is carried out: filtration and sedimentation. The clarified waters without large inclusions pass to the next chamber where bacterial purification takes place, and from there they can be sent to the filtration fields: through the hole, the purified water enters the soil, where it is cleaned, or even reused for technical purposes (in the case of aerobic cleaning).

If used anaerobic bacteria, then for their life and normal cleaning, air is unnecessary. They process wastewater, eventually forming gas and mineral sludge: gas is discharged out using special pipes, and sludge settles. By the way, if a lot of wastewater comes into such a septic tank, then it may be justified to install special equipment that will collect the outgoing biogas for its further use. Almost purified water is sent to the next chamber, where anaerobic bacteria clean it, and from there almost clean effluents are sent to the filtration fields.

When cleaning, you can use aerobic bacteria, and then the efficiency increases to 98%, but oxygen is necessary for their normal functioning, during which the decomposition of organics in the effluents occurs. It is served with the help of compressor units, which are automatically switched on after a certain period of time, and their work requires electricity.

Storage septic tank - The simplest structure, which usually consists of one chamber. It is tight enough to accumulate sewage, which then needs to be pumped out, and for this use the sewage machine and the services of professionals. In some septic tanks of this type, tank filling sensors are provided. This option is preferable for those who are very rare in the country, and the arrangement of more technological cleaning does not make sense or is impossible at all for other reasons.

Now there are two main ways to equip your summer cottage with a septic tank: this is a purchase finished construction or its independent construction. The first option is simpler and faster, because only just dig a pit and connect the sewer pipes to the finished structure.Moreover, all dirty construction processes are absent, and installation can be carried out even independently.

Septic tank selection

At the moment, the selection of septic tanks is so wide that it is easy to get confused even for an experienced person. To buy a septic tank for a summer residence inexpensively, and at the same time get a quality construction, you need to take into account a lot of parameters: productivity, soil type, climate, etc.

Volume and performance

The volume of a septic tank depends on the number of people living in the country. So, it was established that per person wastewater production rate per day is 200 liters. This value must be multiplied by the number of people living in the country, and the daily volume of waste formation is obtained. But at the same time, SNiPs require that the volume of septic tanks can contain at least a three-day amount of wastewater, so we multiply the obtained value by another 3. We obtain the required volume in liters, but in stores this parameter is indicated in m³. To translate one into another is simple, just remember that 1m³ = 1000 liters.

The choice depends on how much effluent is produced in the country per day septic tank designs. If this value does not exceed 1000 l, then you can safely purchase a single-chamber septic tank, if 1-10 m³ of wastewater is formed, then it is better to use a two-chamber structure that will surely cope with such a load. With an even greater volume of effluent formation, the most productive three-chamber models are chosen. If the family plans to come to the country only periodically, then a single-chamber septic tank is suitable, and even an accumulative structure will be quite appropriate.

Septic tank material

Septic tanks can be made of plastic, metal or concrete, and each material has its own advantages and is more preferable in certain conditions.

Plastic septic tanks

These are lightweight, durable, reliable and durable devices. They can last for decades, and at the same time their installation is quite simple and does not require the use of special equipment. But the ease of a plastic septic tank can be considered not only an advantage, but also a disadvantage, since it can simply surface. That is why such containers are concreted or fastened with special straps during the installation process.

Concrete septic tanks

Reliable simple designs that are not afraid of corrosion. Such septic tanks are quite durable, but differ in large weight, and install them in several ways. One of them involves the installation of special concrete rings, and you can’t do without special equipment. The second method involves the gradual pouring of concrete into a previously prepared formwork.

Metal septic tanks

These facilities are characterized by such advantages as low weight and ease of installation, which together with the affordable price makes metal septic tanks one of the most popular among summer residents. Against such structures, only their great susceptibility to corrosion speaks, therefore, metal septic tanks can be called durable only with a big stretch.

Septic tank and soil type

When choosing a septic tank, one must also take into account such a factor as the type of soil, because it depends on it in many respects what type of cleaning will be more acceptable. So, on sandy soils it is possible to equip effective filtration fields, which makes it possible to use cheaper anaerobic septic tanks in such conditions.

On clay soils it is better to use septic tanks with biological or even biochemical treatment, since natural filtration is practically impossible under these conditions: clay absorbs water very slowly. An alternative is the organization of a sand filter and the installation of additional equipment for the removal of purified water.

If on the site groundwater is very high, then you need to take care of the maximum tightness of the septic tank so that untreated sewage does not pollute the soil, and that groundwater does not destroy the structure.In this case, the optimal option is a plastic septic tank, and the filtering fields cannot be used under such conditions, therefore it is better to use bio-treatment.

Ideally, even before the installation of the septic tank soil survey at the site, which will make it possible to clearly determine the necessary depth of the septic tank, the diameter and slope of the pipes so that the drains quickly and correctly flow into the septic tank.

When choosing a septic tank with a biofilter, it is worth remembering that long downtime in its work, which is associated with the absence of people and, accordingly, sewage, can negatively affect microorganisms. They will not be able to live without the nutrient medium that comes to them with sewage, and will gradually perish. That is why such aerobic cleaning systems are best used if someone is at the cottage regularly.

The septic tank is influenced by climatic conditions in the region. For the northern cold regions, a concrete structure is best suited, since among all materials it is most resistant to temperature extremes.

For a small family who comes to the country from time to time, an anaerobic septic tank is ideal, maintenance measures for which will be minimal: sometimes clean it from sludge, which is the result of bacterial activity, and periodically warm it.

Deep cleaning stations are more efficient, but also expensive to operate. They are suitable for a large family, regularly visiting the cottage, or will be an excellent option for several summer cottages at once.

Manufacturers of septic tanks for summer cottages

Experts advise to buy septic tanks only from those manufacturers who have already established themselves in the market. To date, a huge number of companies offer their facilities, but such septic tanks are well-deserved trust and huge popularity:

• "Tank" - domestic septic tanks, which are notable for their low price, high degree of purification, ease of installation and autonomy in operation. Septic tanks are made of plastic, the thickness of which varies from 10 to 17 mm, depending on the modification. All septic tanks of the manufacturer are equipped with additional stiffening ribs, which makes them even more durable and reliable;
• Topas - septic tanks that many summer residents like due to the lack of the need to buy additional drugs to speed up the process of disintegration of wastewater, as well as due to the relative ease of use and low frequency of sludge removal;
• Unilos - septic tanks with different capacities, but all of them are easy to care for: once a year you just need to scoop up the accumulated solid sediment with a shovel. The speed of wastewater treatment here is very high, due to the use of aerobic bacteria and the need to supply electricity;
• Tver - a reliable septic tank, which requires special attention during the installation process, since often its incorrect operation is associated with errors in the arrangement. That is why it is better to entrust the most important and crucial parts of the work to professionals;
• "Leopard" - septic tanks, which are distinguished by a wide selection, reasonable price, high quality and reliability in operation;
• "Poplar" - one of the least problem septic tanks with an excellent price / quality ratio.

Total

Equipment designed for autonomous treatment of sewage in the country is very diverse, and in order to choose the right septic tank, you need to consider a lot of factors. You need to familiarize yourself with the main types of septic tanks and the principle of their work, weigh the conditions in which the building will be operated, take into account the type of soil and climate, the number of people who visit the country, the duration of these visits, evaluate your budget, and only then make a decision.